In the run-up to pv magazine’s quality roundtable at Intersolar Europe, we look at a case where a production error resulted in cold solder joints in 5% of the solar ...

X-ray and advanced automated techniques combine to create a capable tool for lead-free solder inspection needs. Within two years, solder used in electronics manufactured or sold in Europe must meet ...

Automated optical inspection (AOI) and automated X-ray inspection (AXI) have been around for some time in various configurations and both have played a role in improving the quality of circuit boards.