Cryogenic liquids, or Cryogens, are liquefied gases that are kept in their liquefied state at very low temperatures. Typically, cryogenic liquids have boiling points below -51 ℃ (-60℉ or 222K). All ...

Mechanical properties of metals at ambient temperatures may be improved using various heat-treatment procedures, which have been established for many years. The concept of improving steel tensile and ...

Cryogenic treatment is the process of cooling items to cryogenic temperatures (temperatures below −190 °C, 83 K). This removes residual stresses in the material, improving wear resistance in metals ...

Cryogenic cavitation is a phenomenon in which vapour cavities form in ultra-low temperature fluids when local pressures fall below the saturation point. This process, intertwined with complex thermal ...

The use of on-wafer superconducting materials, other novel materials, and traditional semiconductors at cryogenic temperatures (below about 123K, or -150°C) has grown quickly in recent years.

After years in R&D, a technology called cryogenic etch is re-emerging as a possible option for production as the industry faces new challenges in memory and logic. Cryogenic etch removes materials in ...