Op amps excel at providing many useful and clever solutions to routine or complicated circuit functions. A summing circuit is a perfect example. A summing circuit is typically used in applications ...

I had met Professor Franco when I attended, for the first time, the Analog Aficionados dinner which Jim Williams had as an annual event in California. I was immediately drawn to him as I saw him ...

Cells navigate environments, communicate and build complex patterns by initiating gene expression in response to specific signals. Engineers seek to harness this capability to program cells to perform ...

This series of articles discusses the different steps of PCB development from the basics of creating a design schematic with specific requirements, to finalizing a board and preparing it for ...

The 555 timer is one of the most versatile integrated circuits available. It can generate PWM signals, tones, and single-shot pulses. You can even put one in a bi-stable mode similar to a flip flop.

All circuits, analog or digital, have characteristics dependent on the values of their component parts. Invariably, these parts are non-ideal in many ways. Even their most fundamental characteristics, ...

Even in today’s digital, IT-intensive radio plant, there is still a need to design and build one-of-a-kind electronic circuits. Simple devices such as digital tone generators and small distribution ...

The digitalization of industry is progressing in leaps and bounds, albeit not at the same speed everywhere. In many industries, processes can be digitalized well to very well — for example, because ...

Most DES (develop/etch/strip) lines are capable of RTR processing if they are equipped with feed and take-up rolls on each ...