Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of chronic back pain and disability, impacting millions of people worldwide. Characterized by the breakdown of the disc’s extracellular ...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and many other EV subtypes, have emerged ...

How cells adjust their growth to the spatial and mechanical constraints of their surrounding environment is central to many aspects of biology. Here, we examined how extracellular matrix (ECM) ...

Assistant Professor Jennifer Young (right) and PhD student Avery Rui Sun (left), who are from the College of Design and Engineering at the National University of Singapore, image heart cells (orange) ...