Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. I write about biodiversity and the hidden quirks of the natural world. In the arid plains and rocky deserts of North America, a ...

Contrary to appearance, reflex bleeding is a voluntary defense rather than a lethal injury. The Texas horned lizard can shoot, on average, 2% of their body mass in blood. These lizards’ diets play a ...

When you think of “gory” animals, creatures like great white sharks, tigers, and vampire bats might come to mind. But the most gruesome defense mechanism of any animal belongs to something much ...

In the vast and sometimes bizarre world of animals, there’s one reptile that takes self-defense to a shocking new level: it can literally shoot blood from its eyes. This strange yet fascinating ...

In the animal kingdom, surviving often means adapting. Animals must, over time, adapt not only to climate changes, habitat alterations, and changes in food sources, but also to how they protect ...