Fig 1. The standard Howland Current Pump (HCP) is a current source that can generate both positive and negative current. Fig 2. Adding a boost circuit to an HCP design allows for higher output current ...

Green energy applications such as hybrid vehicles, wind energy, and solar energy stand to reap big benefits from regulated electronic power conversion common to switch-mode power supplies (SMPS).

Planar spiral inductors are less expensive than eitherchip or coil inductors for PCB (printed-circuit-board)-based designs. Accuracy in designinga spiral inductor is important because it isdifficult ...

Active inductors have emerged as a transformative component in CMOS radio frequency (RF) circuit design, effectively replacing traditional passive inductors with active semiconductor networks. By ...